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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. C. M. PIELSTIGKER. DISTILLATION 0F HYDROGARBON 0R OTHER OILS. No. 477,153. Patented June 14, 1892.

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(No Model.)

C. M. PIBLSTIGKER. DISTILLATION of HYDROGARBON 0R OTHER oILs.

No. 477,163. Patented June 14, 1892.

W fw w v(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. C. M. PIELSTIGKBR. DISTILLATION OP HYDROGARBON 0R OTHER OILS.

No. 477,153. Patented June 14, 1892.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets- Sheet 4, C. M. PIELS'IIGKBR.

DISTILLATIGN OP HYDRGGARBON '0R OTHER OILS. No. 477,153. Patented'June 14, 1892.

(No Model.) A 5 sheets-sheet C. M. PIELSTIKER.

DISTILLATIN 0F HYDROARBON 0R THER OILS.

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SPEQEFIBATION forming part of Letters Patent 11i o. a7'7,153, dated .1' une 1d, 1892.

APplcation tilerl November 26, 1890. Serial lilo. 372,721. (No modell.) Patented in England April 28, 1890, No. 6,1160, and denllery 4l, 1891, No. 1,308; in France lllovemherZ, 1890,110. 299,809; in Belgium November 2B. 1890, 110.132.883.' `in Spain November 26. 1899, lio. 11,511; in Italy December 31, 1890.110. 23,644, and in Austria-Hungary June 16, 1891.110. 58,380. l

.To olii whom t may concern;

11e it lmovrn that 1, @ARL li/lante. PIEL- sricttnn, a subject of the Queen of England, residing at liondornin the county ci London and Kingdom of England, haveinvented certain new and useful linprovemen ts in the Contin nous llistillation of illydrocarbon or other @ils and Liquids, (for which 1 have obtained Letters Patent. in England, dated April 28, 1899, No. 6,166, and January ft, 1891, No.1,308; in France, dated November' 26, 1890, No. 209,809; in Belgium, dated November 26, 1890, No. 92,883; in italy, dated December 3l, 1890, No. 28,611; in Spain, dated November 26, 1890, vNo. 11,511, and in Austria-Hungary,

, dated June 1G, 1891, No. 53,380,) of which the following is a specification.

.My invention relates to improvements 'in the distillation oi hydrocarbon or other oils and liquids, by means of which the operation of distillation is conduct-ed in a continu-ous manner.

lin the specidcation to Letters Patent granted to me in Great Britain under No. 1,706 and dated April l0, 1882, 1 described a method in which the hydrocarbon oil was forced under pressure by means et' a torce-pum p or a steaminyector into a `coilopen at the other end, in which coil the oil was heated to its distillingpoint, the heated oil entering from the coil intera heated retort, in Vwhich it was vaporized and again condensed in a cooler connected with the retort. 1n employing this apparatus it was found diiicult to so regulate the temperature of the coil that all the oil at once assumed vapor form on entering the retort, while at other times the coilbecame so superheated that a portion of the oil became converted into permanent gas. Moreover, the coil,-being directly exposed to the action of a high'ternperature, was burned through in a short time, and finally it was found impossible to clean the coil from the 'carbon depos- 'ited therein from the oil passing through it.

1n the improved apparatus, which I will now proceed to describe by reference to the accompanyingdi'awings,the above-mentioned defects have been obviated and a more perfeet operation attained.

On the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation showing general arrangement oi oil tank or pump and heating-coil; Fig. 2,-an

`elevation showing the arrangement of a rctort and second heatingcoil. I

A is the oil-tank; a, oil-pipe; l, steam-coil; b, valve Aor outlet of retort; C, pump or injector; c, contraction or valve in goose-neck; D, heating-coil; d, steam-injector to second coil; D', second heating-coil; E, blockof iron; e, valve on second coil; F, iron cover; G,chan nels; II, bends; Linlet to retort; K, steam connection; L, retort; M, battle-plates; 0, movable cover of retort; N, passage-at bottom of plate; P, outlet-valve on retort L; Q, steaminlet to valve; R, the dome; r, cup inside dome; S,goosen eck; S,second bend; T, baffie-plates in dome; U, small vessel or condenser; U', second vessel or condenser; VV,

draw-olf cocks; W', -column-still; X, 4baffle-V draw-oif cock for plates in column-still; Y, tar; Z, steam-injector; The loil to b'e distilled is contained in a tank A, in which it is heated by means of a steamcoil B or otherwisev From this tank the oil is forced by means of a pump C or otherwise into a coil D, which is formed of a number of iron pipes-say ten feet long and, say, an inch and a half (more or less) in diameter-the ends of whichare open and the Whole of the pipes embedded or inserted into a solid block of iron or refractory material'E, provided with longitudinal channels through their entire length, into which the pipes tit. jlhe ends of rthe pipes are'closed by means of an ironcover F, which is' provided with 'channels to G`,vso that the pipesD form one continuous coll. In this caselthe cover F can be easily removed too' and the pipes be occasionallycleared,of the carbon deposited inside from the heated oil bysimply forcing an iron rod through the length of each pipe forming the coil. I may connect the open ends of the pipes I) by short bends ll, which' are also removable for cleanf ing in a similar manner. This construction ol", the heating-coil is a matter of great importance, since it is impossible to t'lear an ordi nary coil of the requisite length from any carbon adhering inside.- Moreover, the coil being loosely inserted into the block of iron or of refractory material'EJhe whole length of the coil is permitted free expansion, and the joints are in consequence kept tight.

I have found that by passing the oil through the coil with great velocity I in a great measure prevent the deposition of carbon or heavy matterk which lwould soon choke up the coil.

'I now find it preferable to attain this object by graduating the diameter of the pipes D,

forining the coil. For instance, if the entire length of the coil is two hundred feet I construct thetirst fifty feet of two-inch pipes,

the second fifty feet of one-and-a-half-inch pipes, and the last hundred feet ofone-ineh pipes. I may, however, decrease the diameter of the coil only toward or attheinlet I into the retort.

Between the force-pump C and the inlet of the coilD a steam connection K is provided for the purpose of emptying the oil contained in the coil D at the end of the operation by a steam-blast into a retort L, into which the other Vend of the ccil D leads; otherwise when the pumping vis stopped the oil remaining fin' the coil D would speedily become carbon-ized and choke the coil.

Between the pump C and the coil D and between the coil D and retort L expansionjoints may beprovided.l The retort L is provided with a number of bathe-plates M, causing the oil-vapors to take a lengthened passage through the retort before they can enter the condenser. lower part of the battle-plates in order tov allow the flow of the tar mresidunm to the d raw-O cock.

The end of the retort opposite to the inlet of the oil is closed by a removable cover O. Nearly at the lower end of the cover is titted a'valve P for the removal of the tar or resi# due during the operation ofdi'stilling, a steaminlet Q being connected with the l'tar-outlet 55 in order to blow steam when `the tar-outlet is opened, which not only assists in the removal-ot' the thick tar or the residue, but more particularly prevents air from entering the retort, which air would form a dangerously explosive mixture with the highly-heated oilgases inside the retort. It will be evident that since a constant supply of oil is fed into the retort L andthe residuum of this oil or other liquid entering the latter by preference-from the 'highest point of `the coil, being 'constantly removed during the distillation,

this distillation thus becomes continuous.

retort with a condenser.

A passage N is left in the.

A dome R and gooseneck S connect the 'lhis domev may be provided with a num-ber of o balde-plates T, which force the vaporsto come in contact with the inner surface of the dome R, where the heavier portion of them are caused to'coudense, and, returning to the more heated surface of the retort, are reduced in gravity and finally distil over and condense in the condenser. y

' The condenser may either be an ordinary coil ora surface condenser, the irst bend of which reaches into a vessel U, nearly to thel bottom of the latter, in which part of the lvapors condenses,the uncondensed portion bein g led by the second bend S from the top of the ii rst vessel U to the bottom of the second vessel U', and so on through a series of condensing-vessels, which are' all provided with draw-ott cocks V, in which the vapors are successively condensed into oil of a num'ber of graduated specific gravities heavier at the beginning of the series and lighter toward the end of the series; or, instead of this arrangement the products of distillation as they pass over from the retort L may be fractionally separated into a number of oils of graduated specific gravities by connecting the heatingcoil with acolumn-still W, which may be similar to that used in the distillation of benzole,.

thebody of which column-still l also divide by baffle-plates X, and a dravwoif cock V for the tar or residue with steam-ejector Z. When it is intended to produce still lighter gravity oils, a valve b may be placed between the outlet of the retort L and the condenser U, which may be kept open only so far as to create a certain pressure of the gases inside the retort, or such pressure may be created by means of a steam-blast introduced into the goose-neck S and blowing in the opposite direction to the {iowof vapors which distil over from the retort, orthe goose-neck S may be contracted at some point c to a much smaller diameter.

In case the crude oilcontains a considerable quantity of water, the latter may be separated frorn the oil by placing the bale-plates horizontallyvinto the retort, over which the oil and water flows, presenting in this manner The dome li may l l l have been superheated being in preference simultaneously admitted with the oil-vapors into the second coil D' by means of a steaminjector d, provided for the purpose. The sec- 0nd coil may be kept under pressure by means of a valve e or otherwise and may be connected with an expansionchamber or gas holder and condenser of well-known construction.

My apparatus may also be used for the distilla-tion of other liquids besides hydrocarbons-for instance, for fats and oils in the separation of fatty acids and glycerine; also, for the continuous production of distilled wa-l ter from. sea-water or the concentration ofbrine andlkaline solutions and the concentration of sugar solutions. The concentrated salt,alkaline, or other solution may be drawn' oi at the draw-off cock atthe end of the retort. y

Having fullyl described my invention, what I claim, and .desire to secure byLetters Patent, isv l. vIn an apparatus for the continuous distillation of oil, a supply-tank, a coil; connectionsibetween the two, means for heating both tank and coil, means for forcing the liquid from the supply-tank through the said coil, a steam jet or blast in, connection with said coil, a retort through which the liquid is also forced, said retort being provided with baille-plates and a draw-olf cock, a steam-ejector fitted to said draw-olf cock,asecond4 heating-coil in connection vwith the'retort, an expansionchamber, connected with one end thereof, a condenser Tm connection therewith, and a Iholder 4or other receptacle.

2. In'an apparatus for the continuous dising the same, a heating-coil comprising a series of pipes D, blocks E, incasing the same, removable covers closing and connecting the ends of the pipes, said pipes D gradually increasing in diameter from the inlet to the ou tlet, connections between this heating-coil and the supply-tank, a pumpor equivalent device located between the two for forcing the oil through the heating-coil, a retort in connection therewith, a steam jet or blast attached tothe heating-coil, a draw-ott cock attached to the retort, a steam-ejector tted to said cock,and'a condenser in connectionwith the retort. i f

3. In an apparatus for the continuousfdistillation of oil, a supply-tank, means forheating the same, a heating-coil comprising a series of pipes, blocks of cast-iron or refractory material incasing the same, and removable covers closing and connecting the ends of the pipes, connections between said tank and coil, a pump or equivalent device located between the two, a retort in connection therewith, a draw-off cock for said retort, and a condenser in connection with the retort.

4. In the herein-described apparatus, the combination, with the retort and condenser, of a dome R, attached to the retort, having an annular cup'at its base, and a pipe connection between the upper part of said dome andl the condenser and having a contracted portion, substantially as described.

CARL MARIA PIELS'IICKER. 

